Symbols

Symbols are representatives of speech or words. They can be:

Objects
Photographs
Black and white/colour line drawings
Pictures
Written words

Some of these are easier to understand and use than others. This is dependent on how closely they resemble the actual object visually – for example a photograph of someone’s own shoe is easier to understand than a drawing of a shoe.

When introducing a symbol system it is important to use those that are readily understood by the person using it. They should be able to associate or link the symbol to the real object or event. It is important to base your choice on assessment, advice and support from a Speech & Language Therapist and/or Specialist Advisor.

Symbols can support understanding and expression of:-

Choices
What is happening NOW & NEXT
Timetable of events during the day
Tasks that need to follow a sequence e.g. dressing

Using symbols supports:-

Memory – Lists, sequences of events, new learning, recalling events
Increases independence
Clarifies behaviour expectations and boundaries
Scanning skills – to be able to look at symbols in an ordered way particularly left to right and top to bottom. This is an important skill used when reading.
Attention control – Symbols can support individuals who find maintaining looking and listening a challenge as symbols can remain in place until the person is ready to notice or process the information.

Further information can be found below:-

Oxfordshire Total Communication – photos, pictures and symbols – http://www.oxtc.co.uk/picsphotossymbols.shtml

Integrated Treatment Services – A guide to Visual Communication Environments – http://integratedtreatmentservices.co.uk/?resource=guide-visual-communication-environments

http://www.surreypb.org.uk/section3/communication/Using%20words%20photos%20and%20symbols.pdf

Communication Matters – http://www.complexneeds.org.uk/modules/Module-3.1-Communication—augmentative-and-assistive-strategies/C/downloads/m09p110bcd/using_symbols_for_communication_a4.pdf

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